Coffee and incidence of diabetes in Swedish
women
: a prospective 18-year follow-up study.
Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Wilhelmsen L, Thelle D,
Johansson S. J Intern Med. 2004 Jan;255(1):89-95.

Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital/Ostra, Goteborg, Sweden.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study
support the hypothesis that coffee consumption protects
from the development of diabetes in women.
Coffee consumption risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
among middle-aged Finnish men and women. Tuomilehto
J, Hu G, Bidel S, Lindstrom J, Jousilahti P. JAMA 2004 Mar
10;291(10):1213-9.

Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion,
National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
CONCLUSION: Coffee drinking has a graded inverse
association with the risk of type 2 DM; however, the
reasons for this risk reduction associated with coffee
remain unclear.
Coffee consumption risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Salazar-Martinez E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JE,
Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB.

Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jan 6;140(1):I17
Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory,
Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, MA.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that long-term
coffee consumption is associated with a statistically
significantly lower risk for type 2 diabetes.  
OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term relationship
between consumption of coffee and other caffeinated
beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes and impaired
glucose tolerance in Swedish men and women. Agardh
EE, Carlsson S, Ahlbom A, Efendic S, et al. J Intern Med.
2004 Jun;255(6):645-52.

Department of Molecular Medicine, Endocrine and
Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that
high consumers of coffee have a reduced risk of type 2
diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The beneficial
effects may involve both improved insulin sensitivity and
enhanced insulin response.
Diabetes: The failure to make insulin or to respond to it
constitutes diabetes mellitus. Insulin is made specifically
by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas. If the beta cells degenerate so the body cannot
make enough insulin on its own, type I diabetes results.
A high zinc/copper ratio indicates an estrogen deficit relative to
progesterone, as zinc aids in progesterone production. Women with
this pattern often feel better premenstually and yet can experience
symptoms immediately following menstruation. Post-menstrual
syndrome. Symptoms can include anxiety, defensiveness, indecision,
agitated depression, fluid retention and breast soreness.
Many women taking oral contraceptives or have copper IUD's have
elevated tissue copper levels. It is common to find women with PMS
have elevated tissue copper with low tissue zinc. PMS symptoms echo
aches and pains of copper toxicity: frontal headaches, depression,
fatigue, constipation, emotional volatility, weight gain, and food
cravings. They subside after period ends, which is when progesterone
and zinc levels start rising.

One way to calm symptoms is to supplement the diet with zinc and
vitamin B6. If these do not work alone, they might need magnesium and
other B vitamins.

Copper levels affect the flow. If a woman has high tissue copper level,
her flow may be prolonged and heavy. If zinc is predominate, she may
have a light and short menstrual flow, and her breasts may become
tender.
Why do we fortify with Zinc?
Diabetes Type II and Women.
How is diabetes treated?
Diabetes treatment is focused on keeping blood sugar in a normal
range every day. A recent major study showed that keeping blood
glucose levels as close to normal as safely possible reduces the risk of
developing major complications of type 1 diabetes.

If you have diabetes, a good blood sugar range is from about 70 to
150 (before a meal) and less than 200 about two hours after your last
meal. Ask your health care provider what the best range of blood
sugar is for you, how to test your blood sugar and how often. Careful
meal planning and exercise to control your weight are important to
control your diabetes.  

Before making any change in your diet, please consult your doctor.

Your health care provider can also help you develop a plan for things
you should do every day to take care of your diabetes, including
following a healthy eating plan (eat your meals and snacks around the
same time each day) and being active for a total of 30 minutes most
days. If you do need diabetes medicine, take it at the same times every
day. Test your blood sugar and record it in a diary, then call your
health care provider if your numbers are too high or too low for two to
three days. If you have high blood pressure, take your medicine
exactly as prescribed. Check your bare feet for cuts, blisters, sores,
swelling, redness, or sore toenails (use a mirror if you have trouble
seeing the bottom of your feet). Brush and floss your teeth twice a day.
And, don't smoke!

Since diabetes can cause serious problems for other parts of your
body, you can help detect these problems early by: having an eye
exam once a year, even if your eyes seem okay; having a dentist clean
and check your teeth and gums twice a year; and having your urine
tested at least once a year (to make sure your kidneys are healthy).
See your health care provider right away if you have signs of a urinary
tract, bladder, or kidney infection.
People with diabetes have twice the risk of
developing heart disease
as those without diabetes,
and high blood cholesterol levels raise the risk of heart
disease. Losing weight and reducing intake of saturated
fats and cholesterol, in favor of unsaturated and
mono-unsaturated fats, can help lower blood cholesterol.

Studies show that foods with fiber, such as fruits,
vegetables, peas, beans, and whole-grain breads and
cereals may help lower blood glucose. However, it
seems that a person must eat much more fiber than the
average American now consumes to get this benefit. A
doctor or nutritionist can advise someone about adding
fiber to a diet.
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